The sun is a seemingly infinite source of energy, providing warmth and light for the planet - for free. Unlike oil, which is gone when we use it, the sun’s rays can be captured over and over without depleting the source.

Since the 1950s we have had the ability to harness this free energy from the sun, via technology utilizing the photovoltaic effect. This conversion of energy generated from sunlight provides electricity that can power our daily lives.

Solar cells are made primarily from silicon, a chemical element second only to oxygen in its abundance on earth. This element changes in electrical characteristics when exposed to sunlight, generating an electric current. The highly conductive nature of silicon makes it an ideal element to transfer this energy.

A solar cell is a sliver of silicon in the shape of a square, about 6”x6” with electrical contact plates on the surface. When these cells are laid out on a grid with a back sheet and cover the front with glass you have solar panels. Typically solar panels come in 60 and 72-cell configurations. To power your home you’ll need to have multiple panels when you have a collection of panels in a system, this is known as an array.

Although it pays for itself in the long run, solar for the typical home can reach a 5-figure price tag. However, homes with a solar panel system sell for 3.74% more than than the same home without solar. The average residential system contains a few dozen panels and can take up a lot of space (3’ wide by 6’ or7’ tall depending on configuration) so you’ll need to be sure you have the room to mount them.

General Solar Energy System Terminology

Batteries - Will store the energy you generate for later use (optional as electricity produced can simply be fed into the utility grid) and are the more expensive part of a solar system. These storage systems provide extra peace of mind and get the most from the electricity you generate, storing backup power in case of outages, and store energy so you can use it or sell it later.

Charge Controller - Varies the rate in which batteries charge from solar.

Inverter - Coverts that solar energy from DC to AC, to power our homes. An inverters’ warranty often lasts 10-20 years and will have to be replaced at least once during your system’s lifespan.

Monitoring - Online tracking of your system’s output, which helps troubleshoot issues related to defective equipment or shading.

Racking - The foundation to mount your system.

Solar Panels - capture energy from the sun. Most solar panel manufacturers guarantee their panels will be at least 80% efficient for 25 years. After the warranty expires the panels still continue to function, just at a reduced output. A study by NREL (National Renewable Energy Laboratory) concluded over 75% of solar panels outperformed their warranty. So during the life of the system, the panels pay back your investment 4 or 5 times.